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001.) Liberia: Ruled by Hypocrisy

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/liberia

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/liberia/essays/history/

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ellen-Johnson-Sirleaf

https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Weah

 

002.) History of the Ashanti Empire (Ghana, Africa)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314991/

http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsAfrica/AfricaGhana.htm

http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Ghana_native.html

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fante-confederacy

https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yaa-asantewaa-c-1850-1921

https://www.britannica.com/place/Asante-empire

http://pdfproc.lib.msu.edu/?file=/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Institue%20of%20African%20Studies%20Research%20Reviewnhj1973v9n1/asrv009001004.pdf

 

003.) Misconceptions Ep. 4 - Small Huts, Villages, and No Cities

http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrndfu/articles/McDonaldVernetFullerWoodhouse.pdf

http://www.antiquityofman.com/Complex_WA_EA.html

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631071309000996?via%3Dihub

http://www.ancientpages.com/2015/09/28/ancient-intriguing-sao-people-men-from-another-time-one-of-the-oldest-civilizations-of-central-africa/

https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/who-uses-sht-to-build-a-house/

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/364

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1099

 

004.) The REAL Identity of the MOORS

"History of the Moorish Empire in Europe." pgs. 70-74

​"The Story of the Moors in Spain." Pg. 130

http://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Maurice

https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/asia-and-africa/north-african-history/moors

http://bridgingcultures.neh.gov/muslimjourneys/items/show/218

https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/black-saints-maurice

https://www.britannica.com/event/Dark-Ages

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/artblog/2008/jan/31/itmayhavepassedyou

http://www.taneter.org/moors.html

00​5.) Misconceptions Ep. 5 - Africans Sold Their Own Into Slavery

“The History of Jamaica or, General Survey of the Ancient and Modern State” Pg 471.

 "Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800." Pg. (location) 599

https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/kingdom-kongo-1390-1914

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/white_slaves_01.shtml

006.) 10 Mythical Creatures From Africa You MIght Not Know About

https://books.google.com/books?id=uOccNMgNSNYC pg. 125-127

https://books.google.com/books?id=9CtfAwAAQBAJ pg. 138

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/25708/1/MALN_64.pdf pg. 4

 

007.)  What Gods Do Africans Worship?

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/islamic-conquest-of-the-maghreb/

https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/lowCountry_furthRdg4.htm

“African Cosmology of the Bantu-Kongo”

https://www.howard.edu/library/reference/cybercamps/camp2002/AfricanReligions.htm

https://classroom.synonym.com/religious-belief-system-of-the-khoisans-12087621.html

008.) What Gods Do Africans Worship?

http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/ethnic/mummy.htm

https://testcountry.com/blogs/nicotine/6-common-food-with-nicotine-content

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1177123/The-European-Created-fragments-fossil-face-forbears-35-000-years-ago.html

http://www.stcroixarchaeology.org/files/Hull_Bay_Skeletons_-_Ubelaker_-_Angel.pdf

 

009.) Misconceptions Ep.6 - No Cities Before European or Arab Contact

https://www.britannica.com/place/Timbuktu-Mali

https://archive.org/stream/cihm_36715#page/n426/mode/1up

http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/116

https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/18/story-of-cities-5-benin-city-edo-nigeria-mighty-medieval-capital-lost-without-trace

“The Continuum Encyclopedia of Native Art: World view, Symbolism, and culture in Africa, Oceania, and Native North America.” Page: 137

 

010.) How African are African-Americans?

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289685/

http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/science-genetics-reshaping-race-debate-21st-century/

 

​011.) Misconceptions Ep.7 - Never Left Africa Until the Slave Trade

https://www.academia.edu/10352409/When_Did_the_Swahili_Become_Maritime

http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/2_retel1.htm

“The African and Middle Eastern World 600-1500” pg. 155

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4376627.stm

https://www.academia.edu/2479850/Another_Ancient_Christian_Presence_in_Sri_Lanka_The_Ethiopians_of_Aksum

http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp264-ss13/2013/04/24/mansa-musa-the-richest-man-of-all-time/

https://www.academia.edu/1593503/Lion_Of_Mali_The_Hajj_of_Mansa_Musa

http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africansindianocean/essay-east-africa.php#top

012.) The History of African Borders

“Africa Spectrum”

Vol. 18, No. 2 (1983), pp. 177-189

“Indigenous Mapmaking in Intertropical Africa”

https://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/HOC/HOC_V2_B3/HOC_VOLUME2_Book3_chapter3.pdf

https://basothoheritageblankets.com/history/.

013.)  Colonization of Africa Before Europeans

https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191

https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi385.htme

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16548-did-invading-farmers-drive-pygmy-diversity/

https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/26/7/1581/1123707

https://marshallmemo.com/articles/%20GGS%20May%2030%202016.pdf 

014.) The History of Islam in Black Africa

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zx9xsbk/revision/2

http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2010/04/28/christianity-and-islam-in-sub-saharan-africa/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section7.shtml

 https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsAfrica/AfricaSudan.htmf

Production and Reproduction of Warrior States: Segu Bambara and Segu Tokolor, c. 1712-1890

http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/ref/collection/cce/id/183

http://indigenousboats.blogspot.com/search/label/mtepe

http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm

 

015.) Misconceptions Ep.8 - Drums Were the Only African Instruments

https://www.ngoni.org/

http://www.kora-music.com/e/kora.htm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cLAwAOi-hA

https://omeka1.grinnell.edu/MusicalInstruments/items/show/240

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6557vsZ1os

https://www.allaroundthisworld.com/learn/africa-2/african-instruments/african-horn-trumpet/#.XS4qQ1MpCdN

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNeCOiMAWP0

YouTube Source Videos:

Kora: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cLAwAOi-hA

Mbira: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6557vsZ1os

Agwara Ensemble: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNeCOiMAWP0

Akan war drum: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkbaDvmHqYo

Akan talking drum: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JT3tIJzAkcc

016.) First Contact Between Europe and Africa

“Landlords and Strangers Ecology, Society, and Trade in Western Africa, 1000-1630” pg. 126-127)

​“The Atlantic World, 1450-2000” pg, 22​

https://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/article/download/481/450

“Warfare and diplomacy in pre colonial West Africa”

“Death and Attitudes to Death at the Time of Early European Expeditions to Africa” (15th Century)

017.) Pre-Colonial Warfare and Strategies of Africa Ep. 2

Thornton, John K.. Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800 (Warfare and History) . Taylor and Francis. Kindle Edition. 

018.) The History of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai: Every Year - 300BCE to 1901CE

CLICK HERE for sources.

019.) Misconceptions Ep. 9 - No Animal Husbandry

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10963-010-9042-2.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257505953_The_Origin_of_African_Sheep_Archaeological_and_Genetic_Perspectives

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-fear-humans-can-ripple-through-food-webs-reshape-landscapes-180963987/

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/18/science/the-mystery-of-hannibal-s-elephants.html

https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/item/how-did-cats-become-domesticated/

https://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/cattle.html

https://sites.google.com/a/asu.edu/mythology-of-africa/the-creation-of-the-universe-and-ife

https://africa.uima.uiowa.edu/chapters/ancient-africa/benin-kingdom/?start=1

020.) Are Somali People Black?

https://www.jstor.org/stable/23027283?seq=1

https://face2faceafrica.com/article/the-painful-ordeal-of-the-bantu-people-in-somalia-facing-discrimination-due-to-their-dark-skin

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=soc_las_pubs

021.) 12,000 Year Old Computer Code in Africa

https://becominghuman.ai/the-curious-history-of-artificial-intelligence-an-african-perspective-46002515934e

https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ifa-divination-system-00146

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4A-_2fQAbQ

https://www.academia.edu/5315636/A_Comparative_Study_of_Ifa_Divination_and_Computer_Science

https://ifa-odu.com/odu-ifa/

022.) Did African Warriors Wear Armor?

https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/regional-traditions/sub-saharan-africa/african-quilted-armour

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/List-of-some-popular-Shehus-of-the-Bornu-Empire-since-the-Colonial-Period_tbl1_320004428

Spring, C (1993) “African Arms and Armor”

023.) Top 5 Historical African Events for TV or Video Games

https://www.scarsdaleschools.k12.ny.us/cms/lib5/NY01001205/Centricity/Domain/202/Sundiata.pdf

https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-44888718/queen-amina-nigerian-warrior-queen

https://panthernewsletter1.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/queen-amina-of-zaria2.pdf

General History of Africa, Vol. IV: African from the 12th to 16th century.

https://oi.uchicago.edu/museum-exhibits/nubia/kushite-kingdom

https://oi.uchicago.edu/museum-exhibits/nubia/nubian-archers

Cambridge History of Africa Vol 2

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/reseafrilite.45.3.147?seq=1

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsAfrica/AfricaSudan.htm

024.) How Reliable is a DNA Test?

https://www.ancestry.com/lp/ethnicity-estimate/reading-your-ethnicity-estimate

025.) African Weapons Series

Christopher Spring - “African Arms and Armor”

026.) The Spread of the Iron Age in Africa: 1000BCE - 500CE

The Origins of Iron Metallurgy in Africa New Light on Its Antiquity West and Central Africa

A Global Perspective on the Pyrotechnologies of Sub-Saharan Africa

An Outline of Recent Studies on the Nigerian Nok Culture

Cairo to Cape: The Spread of Metallurgy Through Eastern and Southern Africa

Dhar Néma: From Early Agriculture to Metallurgy in Southeastern Mauritania

Excavations at Walaldé: New Light on the Settlement of the Middle Senegal Valley by Iron-Using Peoples

A New Radiocarbon Chronology for Ancient Iron Production in the Meroe Region of Sudan

Early Metal Working in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Recent Research

Review Essay. What Do We Know About African Iron Working?

Did They or Didn't They Invent It? Iron in Sub-Saharan Africa

Early West African Metallurgies: New Data and Old Orthodoxy

The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology

The Origins of African Metallurgies

The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology

027.) How Did Ancient Africans Bathe?

https://www.academia.edu/26731539/99_ZULU_INDIGENOUS_PRACTICES_IN_WATER_AND_SANITATION_PRELIMINARY_FIELD_RESEARCH_ON_INDIGENOUS_PRACTICES_IN_WATER_AND_SANITATION_CONDUCTED_AT_ULUNDI

http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/KNOct2010MET-1.pdf

http://africanaromatics.com/omumbiri/

https://www.pharmaca.com/projectwellness/what-is-african-black-soap/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303544065_Comparative_studies_on_the_effect_of_locally_made_black_soap_and_conventional_medicated_soaps_on_isolated_human_skin_microflora/link/574b67df08ae5c51e29ea9b2/download

https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-38222271

https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/STR11/STR11009FU1.pdf

028.) Africa's First Christians

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242523040_Muslim_Population_in_Africa

https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section8.shtml#:~:text=Christianity

“UNESCO General History of Africa 3”

https://web.archive.org/web/20110813031634/http://www.ixoyc.net/data/Fathers/629.pdf

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/church-unearthed-ethiopia-rewrites-history-christianity-africa-180973740/

“The Development of an African Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Kongo, 1491-1750” 

Africana : the encyclopedia of the African and African American experience : Appiah, Anthony : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/10/the-spirituality-of-africa/

029.) Why Africa is a Place of Tribes and Chiefs Instead of Kingdoms and Kings

“When African Kings Became “Chiefs” Some Transformations in European Perceptions of West Afrcan Civilization, c. 1450-1800

“The ‘Pays Dô’ and the Origins of the Empire of Mali“

https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/tribe

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tribe

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/tribe

030.) The African Origins of Modern Vaccination

“Exploring Disease in Africa: AIDS, Sleeping, Sickness, Small Pox”

http://www.bu.edu/africa/files/pdf/smallpox-text1.pdf

“Edward Jenner and the History of Smallpox”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/

“Shapona, the Yoruba god of smallpox”

https://www.cdc.gov/museum/history/shapona.html

031.) The World's First C-Section

“Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Healthier Mothers and Babies:

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4838a2.htm

“Cesarean Section -A Brief History”

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/cesarean/part2.html

“National Vital Statistic Reports: Volume 68, Number 13”

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf

“Robert Felkin MD (1853–1926) and Caesarean delivery in Central Africa (1879)”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13086451_Robert_Felkin_MD_1853-1926_and_Caesarean_delivery_in_Central_Africa_1879/link/54a907ae0cf256bf8bb7e8ac/download

“Notes on Labor in Central Africa”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5271081/

“Infant Mortality”

https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/infantmortality.htm#:~:text=In%202018%2C%20the%20infant%20mortality,the%20United%20States%2C%202018).

032.) How Africans Conquered Water

“General History of Africa: Vol 3”

“The Cambridge History of Africa Volume 3 From 1050 to 1600”

“A parametric analysis of the thermal properties of contemporary materials used for house construction in South-west Nigeria, using thermal modelling and relevant weather data“

“Historical Perspectives on Pre-Colonial Irrigation in Southern Africa”

“Affecting Architecture of the Yoruba”

“The Fall of the Asante Empire The Hundred Year War For Africa Gold Coast”

"An Ethnographic and Space Syntax Analysis of Benin Kingdom Nobility Architecture"

https://www.jstor.org/stable/43916862?seq=1

 

033.) When The Wolof People First Saw The White Man

"The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea: Volume 2"

034.) "The Not So Obvious Reason People Have Racist Thoughts About African History"

“Seascape and Sailing Ships of the Swahili Shores”

“Mansa Musa’s Journey to Mecca and Its Impact on Western Sudan”

http://indigenousboats.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-mtepes-of-kenya.html

“Murud Janjira: The Unsung Legacy of Siddis”

035.) West African Music Prior to European Influence

Translated English Version:

https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll24/id/13175 pgs. 124-125

Original French Version: https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lafriqueouhistoi41814rgvr

036.) Gods and Goddesses of the Yoruba Pantheon

“Oshun Across the Waters”

https://womrel.sitehost.iu.edu/REL%20300%20Spirit/REL%20300_Spirit/OshunAcrossTheWaters.pdf

“Sixteen Cowries: Yoruba Divination from Africa to the New World”

“The Shango Cult in Nigeria and in Trinidad”

“Afro-Caribbean Religions: An Introduction to Their

Nigerian Traditional States (worldstatesmen.org)

https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1444342/1/U591645.pdf

http://komotionstudios.com/

037.) Binary Code in an African Religion

“A comparative study of Ifa Divination in Computer Science”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259962837_A_Comparative_Study_of_Ifa_Divination_and_Computer_Science

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/binary/bin_2.html

 

038.) Were the Moors Who Invaded Spain Black?

https://www.jstor.org/stable/179671?seq=1

Hsain Ilahiane, Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen)(2006)

Richard Edens Account of Windham s Voyage to Guinea, c. 1555 (cited in Blake, 1942, p. 317).

https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004380189/BP000005.xml

http://www.artnet.com/artists/paolo-veronese/portrait-of-a-moorish-woman-EDegAB-G1WkA3RKLCzlVWQ2

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/moor

https://www.etymonline.com/word/moor

“Barsh GS What controls variation in human skin color?“

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/9055512_Barsh_GSWhat_controls_variation_in_human_skin_color_PLoS_Biol_1E27

“The African Humid Period: Evidence for Abrupt Climate Change”

http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/Cook/CLIVAR_focus_AHP.pdf

 

039.) Should We Stop Using the Term "Sub-Saharan?"

https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/31/worlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think/

https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa/

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sub

040.)  Laws and Justice in an African Kingdom

http://komfokan.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/0/6/65061697/the_komfo_anokye_story.pdf

https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/manden-charter-proclaimed-in-kurukan-fuga-00290

"KOMFO ANOKYE OF ASANTE: MEANING, HISTORY  AND PHILOSOPHY IN AN AFRICAN SOCIETY"

041.) The Biggest Swords in History

https://africa.si.edu/collections/objects/13871/hoe-currency;jsessionid=0585615B8E5882C3FC92C4FC3C283B1C

https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1067026

https://africa.si.edu/exhibitions/current-exhibitions/striking-iron-the-art-of-african-blacksmiths/blades-of-value/

“African Arms and Armor”

042.) The REAL Sword in the Stone

http://komfokan.weebly.com/uploads/6/5/0/6/65061697/the_komfo_anokye_story.pdf

(PDF) Reigns of Trance: A Komfo Anokye Story | Kwasi Anokye - Academia.edu

Komfo Anokye of Asante: Meaning, History and Philosophy in an African Society on JSTOR

https://www.jstor.org/stable/4501014?seq=1

043.) The Real Reason Why "Black People Can't Swim"

https://www.teamunify.com/lscnes/UserFiles/File/Maria%20B%20-%20Research%20Paper-%20

The%20Truth%20behind%20AA%20&%20Swimming.pdf

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-11172054

https://sites.ucmerced.edu/files/kdawson4/files/enslaved_swimmers_divers_in_the_atantic_world_1.pdf

044.) 5 Foods That You Didn't Know Came From Africa

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312231378_Yam_Dioscorea_spp/link/59e5e10a458515250250b9f0/download

https://www.iita.org/cropsnew/dioscoria/#1620987418597-70dea6b3-13b3

https://www.etymonline.com/word/yam

https://ipm.missouri.edu/MEG/2020/7/watermelon-DT/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284331870_History_botany_and_ecological_requirements_of_coffee/link/56952f6e08ae820ff074a64e/download

https://wildthingsandcoffee.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/history-of-coffee-pdf.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235410801_A_developmental_history_of_West_African_agriculture

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7036042/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25130746

045.) The Medieval English Relic That Was Found in an African Kingdom

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/318430

https://archives.history.ac.uk/richardII/asante.html

“War booty: Changing Contexts, Changing Displays, Asante ‘Relics’ From Kumasi, Acquired By the Prince of Wales’ Own Regiment of Yorkshire in 1896”

46.) African Proverbs and Their Meanings

https://www.smcm.edu/gambia/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2015/03/gamble-03.pdf

47.) The Most Unique Weapons of Southern Africa

Christopher Spring - “African Arms and Armor”

48.) What Were Zulu Cities Like

Richard W. Hull - "African Cities and Towns  before the European Conquest"

49.) Non-Biblical African Version of Genesis

M. Akin Makinde "An African Concept of Human Personality: The Yoruba Example"

https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/uram.7.3.189

50.) The Scariest Weapon in African History

https://www.bestcrossbowsource.com/history-of-the-crossbow-origins-and-evolution/

http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/weapons/index.php/tour-by-region/oceania/africa/crossbow-1884162-224/index.html

Henry Balfour “The Origin of West African Crossbows”

51.) The Extraordinary Swords of the Benin Kingdom 

Christopher Spring - "African Arms and Armor"

https://africa.si.edu/collections/objects/5447/ceremonial-sword;jsessionid=7030CCD3FDCF37C58A5088ECD74F9143

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D65gSco4XeY

52.) How People Sent Messages Without Writing or Speaking

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1771712

https://uoamuseums.wordpress.com/2016/04/02/zoom-in-on-yoruban-aroko/

53.) The Spooky Traditions of the Ekpo Society

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25605095

https://africa.uima.uiowa.edu/media/photos/show/1389?back=peoples/show/Ibibio

“Art of Africa” - Jacques Kerchache, Jean Louis Paudrat, Lucien Stéphan, Françoise Stoullig-Marin

54.) Ajami: The Kanji of Africa

https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2019/10/01/social-commercial-african-ajami-culture/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25653414

https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/jais/volume/docs/vol10/v10_01_Ngom_1-23.pdf

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=SN

https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/201105/from.africa.in.ajami.htm

https://people.clas.ufl.edu/fmcl/files/AjamiCIRCRED.pdf

56.) What Can Solve Africa's Healthcare Crisis

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4434902/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259456845_Traditional_Medicines_in_Africa_An_Appraisal_of_Ten_Potent_African_Medicinal_Plants

“Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) beyond the farm gate: From herbal tea to potential phytopharmaceutical“

57.) When Africans Ruled India

“Murud Janjira: The Unsung Legacy of the Siddis”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327234944_Murud_Janjira_The_Unsung_Legacy_of_Siddis

“From Africans in India to African Indians” 

https://www.jstor.org/stable/24920254

“Journal of Institute of Bangladesh Studies”

http://www.ru.ac.bd/ibs/wp-content/uploads/sites/60/2018/04/JIBS-English-35.pdf

https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rule_of_Afghans

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC378623/

58.) Why African Kingdoms Didn't Make Their Own Guns

“The Benin Massacre”

https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/beninmassacre00bois

“Sir Ralph Moor and the “Benin” Cannon of the British Museum and the Royal Armouries”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/23889825

“Firearms, Horses and Samorian Army Organizations 1870-1898”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/179462

“Turning Brass into Cash: Qualified Recycling Program generates revenue from recyclable materials”

https://www.ftig.ng.mil/About-Us/News/Article/2360232/turning-brass-into-cash-qualified-recycling-program-generates-revenue-from-recy/

“Warfare in Pre-Colonial Africa: An Examination of the Role of African Blacksmiths”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349510858_WARFARE_IN_PRE-COLONIAL_AFRICA_AN_EXAMINATION_OF_THE_ROLE_OF_AFRICAN_BLACKSMITHS

“Trade Guns in the Grassfields of Cameroon”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/41409679

“Guns Don’t Colonise People”: The Role and Use of FIrearms in Pre-Colonial and Colonial Africa”

https://epubs.ac.za/index.php/kronos/article/view/35/33

“The Import of Firearms into West African in the Eighteenth Century”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/181483

“Firearms and Warfare on the Gold and Slave Coasts from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/180879

“Colonialism and the Disintegration of Indigenous Blacksmithing in Nkwerre”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351780620_Colonialism_and_the_Disintegration_of_Indigenous_Technology_in_Igboland_A_Case_Study_of_Blacksmithing_in_Nkwerre

59.) The African Origin of Mathematics

“Does the Ishango Bone Indicate Knowledge of the Base 12? An Interpretation of a Prehistoric Discovery, the First Mathematical Tool of Humankind”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222106237_Does_the_Ishango_Bone_Indicate_Knowledge_of_the_Base_12_AnInterpretation_of_a_Prehistoric_Discovery_the_First_Mathematical_Tool_ofHumankind

“The Duodecimal System”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/27952918

“An Interpretation of Ishango Rods”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257880584_An_interpretation_of_the_Ishango_rods

60.) What Actually is the Largest Manmade Structure?

“Story of Cities #5: Benin City, the Mighty Medieval Capital Now Lost Without Trace”

https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/18/story-of-cities-5-benin-city-edo-nigeria-mighty-medieval-capital-lost-without-trace

“Great Benin: It’s Customs, Art and Horrors”

https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/greatbeninitscus00roth

“The Benin Kingdom (13th - 19th Centuries) as a  Megacommunity”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283934480_The_Benin_Kingdom_13_th_-_19_th_Centuries_as_a_Megacommunity

“Benin Iya/Sungbo’s Eredo”

https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/488/

“The Great Wall”

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438/

“The Ancient Linear Earthworks of Benin and Ishan”

https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/97959-longest-earthworks-of-the-pre-mechanical-era

61.) Literacy in a Medieval South African City of Stone

“A Systematics for Interpreting Past Structures With Possible Cosmic References in Sub-Saharan Africa”

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Monolith-Stone-originally-found-at-Dhlo-dhlo-now-in-the-Zimbabwe-National-Museum-in_fig17_314372772

“When We Ruled”

https://www.worldcat.org/title/when-we-ruled-the-ancient-and-mediaeval-history-of-black-civilisations

“Mapungubwe and the Second Volume: Presidential Address, 1958”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3887224

61.) The Place Where Only Women Propose to Men and it Works Better

“Where Women Propose and Men Can’t Say No”

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/where-women-propose-and-men-cant-say-no/

“The Integrity of Women in Re-Making a Nation”

https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1227&context=jgi

“Between ‘forced marriage’ and ‘free choice’: social transformations and perceptions of gender and sexuality among the Balanta in Guinea-Bissau”

https://www.waunet.org/downloads/wcaa/dejalu/march_2021/AFRICA%20journal%20of%20the%20International%20African%20Institute.pdf

62.) How the Soviet Union Compares to Colonial Africa #ProjectUkraine

“Explaining the Soviet Collapse”

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/92425832.pdf

“Poverty and Inequality in Eastern Europe and the CIS Transition Economies”

https://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers/2006/wp17_2006.pdf

“Why Africa is Poor”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333811529_Why_Africa_is_Poor

63.) Why Africans Never Invented the Wheel

“The Camel and the Wheel (Book Review)”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3103722

“Wheeled Transport in Pre-Colonial West Africa”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1159117

“A Black Byzantium: The Kingdom of Nupe in Nigeria”

https://antropologiafractal.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/a-black-byzantium.pdf

“Prehistoric Innovations: Wheels and Wheeled Vehicles”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329346226_Prehistoric_innovations_Wheels_and_wheeled_vehicles

64.) Lukasa: The Indigenous Africa "Book" You Read by Touching

“Ways of Recording African History”

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ahis/hd_ahis.htm

“Luba Memory Theater”

http://www.mechri.it/20182019/SEMINARIO_ARTI_DINAMICHE/BROGLIACCI/QUARTA_SAD_2018/LUBA_MEMORY%20THEATER_LUKASA_bw.pdf

“Lukasa (Memory Board) (Luba Peoples)

https://smarthistory.org/lukasa-memory-board-luba-peoples/

“Art From an African Kingdom: Luba Masterworks From Central Africa”

https://www.lacma.org/sites/default/files/module-uploads/E4E_LubaConsolidated.pdf

“Lukasa: A Luba Memory Device”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335144

65.) Why European Diseases Didn't Kill Africans

“Florida Seminole and Miccosukee”

http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu

“The Extent of Colonialism (1939)”

https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pol116/colonies.htm

“The Fight Over Inoculation During the 1721 Boston Smallpox Epidemic”

https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/special-edition-on-infectious-disease/2014/the-fight-over-inoculation-during-the-1721-boston-smallpox-epidemic/

“Smallpox”

https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/smallpox

“Shapona, the Yoruba god of smallpox”

https://www.cdc.gov/museum/history/shapona.html

“The White Man’s Grave: Image and Reality 1780 - 1850”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/175101

“Why Did it Take So Long Between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age?“

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/matse81/node/2129

“The Story Of... Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs”

https://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpox.html

66.) So I Tried Some African Traditional Medicine and...?

“A Chewable Cure “Kanna”: Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties of Sceletium Tortuosum”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351144001_A_Chewable_Cure_Kanna_Biological_and_Pharmaceutical_Properties_of_Sceletium_tortuosum

“Safety Evaluation of Picralima Nitida (Akuamma) Seed Extract on Hepatorenal and Hematological Systems of Rats”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343189653_Safety_Evaluation_of_Picralima_nitida_Akuamma_Seed_Extract_on_Hepatorenal_and_Haematological_Systems_of_Rats

67.) When African People Sailed the World

“The Mtepes of Kenya”

http://indigenousboats.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-mtepes-of-kenya.html

“Sewn Boats of the Swahili Coast”

https://www.academia.edu/51346567/Sewn_boats_of_the_Swahili_coast_the_mtepe_and_the_dau_reconsidered

“Construction and qualitative Analysis of a Sewn Boat of the Western Indian Ocean”

https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/158154

“Layers of Time”

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-137-11786-1%2F1.pdf

“Sewn Boats in the Western Indian Ocean, and a Survival in Somalia”

https://www.academia.edu/6792271/Indigenous_fishing_craft_of_Oman

“Guillain’s Atlas”

https://indian-ocean.africa.si.edu/guillains-atlas/

“Ancient Trade Between China and East Africa”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328569877_Ancient_Trade_Between_China_and_East_Africa

“Aksum: An African Civilization of late antiquity” https://www.livingston.org/cms/lib4/NJ01000562/Centricity/Domain/602/aksum.pdf

“Complex Iron Smelting and Prehistoric Culture in Tanzania”
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1746308

“Unraveling the Population History of Indian Siddis”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317445855_Unraveling_the_Population_History_of_Indian_Siddis

“It could change everything: Coin found off northern Australia may be from pre-1400 Africa”

https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/may/12/it-could-change-everything-coin-found-off-northern-australia-may-be-from-pre-1400-africa

68.) Strange symbols and Their Meanings in Southern Africa's Oldest Cities

"Palaces of Stone: Uncovering Ancient Southern African Kingdoms"

69.) How People Traded When They Didn't Speak the Same Language

“Al-Hajj Salim Suwari and the Suwarians: A Search For Sources”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406748

“The Silent Trade of Wangara”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/716514

“Silent Trade: Myth and Historical Evidence”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3171758

70.) When West Africans Invented Farming

“Yam Etymology”

https://www.etymonline.com/word/yam

“Domestication and Dispersal of African Rice (Oryza Glaberrima Steud.): From West Africa to the America”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321426315_Domestication_and_dispersal_of_African_rice_Oryza_glaberrima_Steud_from_West_Africa_to_the_Americas

“The Origins of Agriculture in West Africa”
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2740493

“African Rice (Oryza glaberrima): History and Future Potential.”

https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.252604599

“Pearl Millet and Kitampo Subsistence”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/25130746

71.) The Real Reason Why Africans Build in Mud

“Excavations at Jenne-Jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali), the 1981 Season”

https://books.google.com/books?id=DhiPUvi1ylYC

“Ashanti and Dahomean Architectural Bas-Reliefs. African Studies Review 17.”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/523643

“Earth as a Building Material” https://www.jstor.org/stable/40795032

“Excavations at Gao Saney New Evidence for Settlement, Growth, Trade, and Interaction on the Niger Bend in the First Millennium CE”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/43135595

“Urban Heat Island Research in Phoenix, Arizona”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26218660

72.) The "Roman Roads" in an African Kingdom"

“Before and After the Wheel:Pre-Colonial and Colonial States and Transportation in Mainland Southeast Asia and West Africa”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311876358_Before_and_after_the_wheel_Precolonial_and_colonial_states_and_transportation_in_West_Africa_and_mainland_Southeast_Asia

“Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order”

https://books.google.com/books?id=NSs4AAAAIAAJ

“Aspects of Bureaucratization in Ashanti in the Nineteenth Century”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/179951

“The Fall of the Ashanti Empire”

https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Tkm5UZJz8z0C

"Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800"

https://books.google.com/books?id=MdI8DYItvg8C

73.) A Brief History of West African Gold

“The Periplus of Hanno”

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download_pdf/The_Periplus_of_Hanno_1000231042.pdf
“UNESCO General History of Africa: Ancient Civilizations of Africa”

https://books.google.com/books?id=gB6DcMU94GUC

“Ancient Ghana: A Review of the Evidence”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/41405704

“Global Mine Production by Country”

https://www.gold.org/goldhub/data/gold-production-by-country

74.) These Structures Were Too Beautiful to be Built by Africans

“Bamum Thrones and Stoles”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335758

“Architecture and Myth of Authenticity During the German Colonial Period”

https://www.academia.edu/7961312/Architecture_and_the_Myth_of_Authenticity_During_the_German_Colonial_Period

“The Royal Arts of Africa The Majesty of Form”

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Royal_Arts_of_Africa.html?id=EI_uAAAAMAAJ

75.) The Black African Mummies That Aren't Egyptian

“Mummies, Disease,and Ancient Cultures”

https://archive.org/details/mummiesdiseasean0000unse/page/224/mode/2up?q=uan

“The Kouga Mummified Human Remains”

https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/5758/Steyn_Kouga(2007).pdf?sequence=1

“The Tuli Mummy: A Preliminary Report From Northeastern Botswana”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268393101_The_Tuli_mummy_A_preliminary_report_from_Northeastern_Botswana

76.) Why Africans Didn't Discover Madagascar First

Time-Since-Death and Bone Weathering in a Tropical Environment https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20646883

“The Process of State Formation in Madagascar”
https://www.jstor.org/stable/643527

"Stone Tools and Foraging in Northern Madagascar Challenge Holocene Extinction Models"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1306100110

77.) The Most Beautiful Messages in History

 “The Language of Flowers: Knowledge, Power, and Ecology in Pre-colonial Bunyoro”

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172084

78.) West Africa's Most Beautiful Kingdom - African Cities and Architecture Ep. 3

“The Fall of The Ashanti Empire: The Hundred-Year War for Africa’s Gold Coast”

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Fall_of_the_Asante_Empire.html?id=oLpyAAAAMAAJ

“Mission From Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee”

https://www.loc.gov/item/05014610/

“Asante Traditional Buildings: Survey and Condition Assessment”

https://ia903400.us.archive.org/9/items/asante_traditional_buildings_20201014/14961_Moriset_Asante_traditional_buildings.pdf

“Olfert Dapper’s Description of Benin (1668)

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Olfert_Dapper_s_Description_of_Benin/UoIwkkwzk70C?hl

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